Elgaria multicarinata

Southern Alligator Lizard (Elgaria multicarinata)

The southern alligator lizard, scientifically known as Elgaria multicarinata, is a common and adaptable reptile found along the Pacific coast of North America. Its range extends from the state of Washington southward through California and into Baja California, Mexico. This species is notable for its presence in a wide variety of habitats, including grasslands, chaparral environments, open forests, and even encroaching into suburban and urban landscapes. In drier regions, it tends to seek out areas with higher moisture, such as those near streams.

Physical Characteristics

Adult southern alligator lizards typically measure between 8 to 18 cm (3 to 7 inches) in snout-to-vent length, with their tails extending their total length to up to 30 cm (1 foot). They possess a robust, somewhat flattened body with relatively small legs and a long, semi-prehensile tail that can be as much as twice the length of their body. A distinctive feature is their scales, which are keeled along the back, sides, and legs, providing a rough texture. The coloration of Elgaria multicarinata is highly variable, often appearing brown, gray, green, or yellowish, frequently adorned with red blotches and dark crossbands that can be accentuated by white spots. A unique anatomical feature is the presence of lateral folds along their sides, formed by a band of smaller granular scales separating the larger dorsal and ventral scales. These folds allow the lizard's body to expand, accommodating ingested food or developing eggs.

Diet and Behavior

The diet of the southern alligator lizard is varied, reflecting its opportunistic feeding habits. It preys on small arthropods, slugs, other lizards, small mammals, and occasionally young birds and eggs. A particularly interesting aspect of their diet is their consumption of western black widow spiders, to which they have demonstrated a notable immunity to the venom. These lizards are frequently observed near human dwellings, often foraging during the cooler parts of the day, in the morning and evening. When handled, Elgaria multicarinata can exhibit defensive behaviors, including biting and defecating.

Reproduction and Lifespan

Mating typically takes place in the spring, usually between April and May, although in warmer climates, breeding may occur throughout the year. Females generally lay two clutches of eggs annually, preferring to deposit them in warm, protected locations such as decaying wood or plant matter. The eggs hatch in the late summer and early fall. Females exhibit parental care by guarding the eggs until they hatch. The southern alligator lizard has a lifespan of approximately 10 to 15 years, and they are known to thrive and survive well in captivity, often living for extended periods under human care.