European glass lizard

The Sheltopusik (Pseudopus apodus)

The European glass lizard, scientifically known as Pseudopus apodus and commonly referred to as the sheltopusik, is a distinctive species of large, legless lizard native to Southern Europe and Central Asia. Its common name, "sheltopusik," is derived from the Russian word for "yellow-bellied," reflecting its coloration. This reptile can reach impressive lengths of up to 135 cm (4.43 ft), possessing a tan body with a segmented appearance and a notable lateral groove running down each side. Though it lacks functional legs, tiny rear vestiges are sometimes visible. The sheltopusik is easily differentiated from snakes by the presence of visible ears and eyelids.

Habitat and Behavior

This species prefers open environments, thriving in short grasslands and sparsely wooded hills where it can find both sunny and shaded microhabitats. Its diet is varied, consisting of arthropods, small mammals, and a particular fondness for snails and slugs, which makes it more active during wet periods. When confronted, the sheltopusik exhibits defensive behaviors such as hissing, biting, and emitting a musky secretion. While it possesses the ability to shed its tail as a defense mechanism (caudal autotomy), a trait that contributes to its "glass lizard" moniker, this is less frequent than in some other lizards, and the tail regenerates slowly.

Reproduction and Lifespan

Female European glass lizards lay approximately eight eggs about ten weeks after mating, typically hiding them under bark or stones and sometimes guarding them. The eggs hatch after 45 to 55 days, with the young lizards measuring around 15 cm (5.9 in) at birth and beginning to feed within four days. In captivity, the sheltopusik is a hardy reptile, capable of living for up to 50 years, and readily adapts to a diet of crickets, mealworms, small mice, eggs, snails, or pieces of meat.