Crested owl

The crested owl, scientifically known as Lophostrix cristata, is a distinctive owl species found in the rainforests of Central and northern South America. It is the sole member of its genus, Lophostrix, and is recognized for its striking appearance, particularly its very long, often whitish ear tufts.

Description and Identification

This medium-sized owl typically measures between 38 and 43 centimeters in length. Its plumage can vary, with two primary color morphs: a dark morph which is chocolate-brown, and a pale morph which is rufous-brown. A third greyish morph has been described but is restricted to one of its subspecies. Beyond the prominent ear tufts, it has a whitish eyestripe that extends towards the tufts, and its iris can range from yellow to brown. The bill is generally yellow, and its toes are a pale grey-brown. Juveniles are covered in whitish down and have shorter ear tufts.

Distribution and Habitat

The crested owl is a resident bird throughout its extensive range, which includes countries such as Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Brazil, and Peru. Its preferred habitat consists of subtropical or tropical moist lowland and montane forests, with a strong preference for old-growth areas. These owls are often found in proximity to water and favor locations with dense undergrowth and snags. While they can also be found in undisturbed secondary growth, they are most abundant in old floodplain forests and less so in seasonally flooded swamp forests.

Behavior and Diet

As a strictly nocturnal species, the crested owl is active only at night. During the day, they roost with their mates in dense vegetation, often near streams or rivers, typically perching between 3 and 10 meters above the ground. When threatened, they tend to become slim and erect their ear tufts. Their diet primarily consists of large insects, though they are also thought to prey on small vertebrates opportunistically. Bats are known to be a minor part of their diet.

Vocalization

The vocalizations of the crested owl are notable. Their characteristic call is a low, far-carrying sound described as "Gooo orrr" or "Broorrr." Their song is often compared to a frog-like croak and can be mistaken for that of the Bare-Throated Tiger Heron. The song begins with a rapid series of stuttering notes that accelerate into a deep, rough, guttural sound, and is repeated at short intervals. They tend to be more vocal around the summer solstice.

Breeding and Conservation

Breeding in crested owls occurs during the dry or early wet season. They appear to nest in natural cavities found in mature trees. The crested owl is currently listed as 'Least Concern' by the IUCN. Despite an estimated decline in suitable habitat and a suspected population decrease, its vast geographic range and estimated population of over 10,000 mature individuals contribute to its current conservation status. However, deforestation remains a threat, and the species could become locally endangered in areas where primary forests are cleared.