Sri Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens

Sri Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens, commonly referred to as Mysore Zoo, is a significant zoological park located in the southern Indian city of Mysore, Karnataka. Established in 1892, it holds the distinction of being the oldest zoo in India and one of the oldest in the world. Situated on 157 acres of land, it is a prominent attraction in Mysore, drawing visitors with its extensive collection of animals and its commitment to conservation.

History and Development

The origins of Mysore Zoo trace back to the private menagerie of Chamaraja Wadiyar X, the twenty-third Maharaja of Mysore. Initially established on 10 acres of the Summer Palace grounds, the zoo was expanded over the subsequent decade to 45 acres, featuring spacious enclosures that remain in use. Originally named the Palace Zoo, it was formally renamed "Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens" in 1909. The zoo's development was shaped by early superintendents like A.C. Hughes and the collaborative efforts of figures such as Sir Mirza Ismail and G.H. Krumbiegel, who worked to modernize its enclosures.

Management of the zoo was transferred to the Department of Parks and Gardens of the Government of Mysore in 1948. Further expansions occurred with the acquisition of additional land, including the Karanji Tank, which was developed with an artificial island for birds. In 1979, the Zoo Authority of Karnataka was formed, making it the first autonomous organization in India dedicated to zoo management. The zoo celebrated its centenary in 1992, marked by various developmental projects and commemorative events.

Objectives and Management

The primary objectives of Sri Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens encompass conservation education, conservation breeding programs, research and documentation, and the rescue and rehabilitation of wild animals and birds. It also serves as a vital center for recreation and education for the public. The zoo largely relies on entry fees for its financial support, supplemented by a successful adoption scheme that encourages contributions from celebrities, institutions, and individuals.

Notable Holdings and Facilities

Mysore Zoo is recognized for housing a diverse array of species, totaling over 168. It is particularly noted for having more elephants than any other zoo in India. The zoo is also unique in India for its collection of chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, white rhinos, and cheetahs. The zoo's land holdings extend beyond the main park to include Karanji Lake Nature Park and the Chamundi Conservation and Rehabilitation Center.

Karanji Lake, a 77-acre area adjacent to the zoo, was transformed from a neglected tank into a thriving bird sanctuary. Restoration efforts, supported by projects like the Asian Development Bank initiative, have enhanced its ecological value. Additionally, approximately 5 acres of zoo land have been allocated to the Natural History Museum, augmenting the educational potential for visitors.

Incidents and Challenges

In recent history, the zoo has faced challenges, including a series of animal deaths in 2004 and 2005, some of which were attributed to poisoning and led to staff suspensions and investigations. More recently, in January 2017, the zoo was impacted by avian influenza, resulting in a temporary closure. These incidents underscore the ongoing efforts required to maintain animal welfare and biosecurity within the zoological gardens.