Teira dugesii

Teira dugesii: The Madeiran Wall Lizard

The Madeiran wall lizard, scientifically known as Teira dugesii, is the sole member of its genus and a common inhabitant of the Madeira Archipelago in Portugal. This adaptable lizard has also successfully established itself in the Azores due to human introduction via shipping.

Habitat and Distribution

Teira dugesii displays remarkable adaptability, thriving in a diverse array of environments. Its natural habitats range from sea coasts to elevations of 1,850 meters (6,070 ft). It is commonly found in temperate forests, shrublands, rocky areas, and along shores. Furthermore, this species has readily integrated into human-altered landscapes, including arable land, pastureland, plantations, rural gardens, and urban areas. This broad habitat tolerance contributes to its widespread presence.

Physical Characteristics

The Madeiran wall lizard is a relatively small reptile. Adult individuals typically reach a snout-to-vent length of approximately 8 cm (3.1 inches). A distinctive feature is its tail, which is considerably longer than its body, measuring about 1.7 times its length. The lizard's coloration is highly variable, a trait that aids in camouflage. It generally presents shades of brown or grey, sometimes with a subtle greenish hue, and is often finely flecked with darker markings. The underparts are usually white or cream, occasionally marked with dark spots. In some males, particularly striking bright colors emerge, such as orange or red underparts and blue throats, though these vibrant colors may diminish if the animal becomes stressed.

Behavior and Diet

Teira dugesii is a diurnal species, active during the day. It is frequently observed in rocky outcrops or amidst scrub vegetation. The lizard is also known to climb trees and is a common sight in gardens and on the walls of buildings, reflecting its adaptation to both natural and human-dominated environments. A notable behavioral trait is its easily shed tail, which can be a defense mechanism against predators; the lost tail regenerates slowly.

The diet of the Madeiran wall lizard is omnivorous, consisting primarily of small invertebrates such as ants. It also supplements its diet with vegetable matter, with bananas being cited as an example of plant food consumed.

Reproduction

Female Madeiran wall lizards are prolific breeders, capable of laying two to three clutches of eggs within a single year. Hatchlings emerge at a small size, typically around 3 cm (1.2 inches) in length.

Ecological Role and Health Implications

Beyond its ecological role as both predator and prey, Teira dugesii has implications for public health. The species can be parasitized by ticks and may act as a reservoir for tick-borne zoonoses, including Lyme disease. This highlights the interconnectedness of wildlife, vectors, and potential disease transmission in its environment.