Pileated parrot

The Pileated Parrot

The pileated parrot (Pionopsitta pileata) is a species of bird native to South America, specifically found in parts of Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. It belongs to the family Psittacidae, which encompasses African and New World parrots. Historically, it was also known as the red-capped parrot, a name that could cause confusion with an Australian species.

Description and Identification

Adult pileated parrots typically measure between 20 to 22 cm in length and weigh between 98 to 120 grams. Their plumage is predominantly green, with a yellowish abdomen. Notable blue coloration appears on their primaries, primary coverts, and the edges and tips of their tail feathers. The most striking difference between the sexes is seen in adult males, which possess a vibrant red coloration on their forehead, crown, lores, and upper ear coverts. Females, by contrast, lack this red and instead exhibit a subtle blue wash on their forehead and breast. Immature males have a less extensive red marking on the head, while immature females have reduced blue coloration on their wings.

Distribution and Habitat

This species is distributed across southeastern Brazil, from Bahia southward, extending into eastern Paraguay and Argentina's Misiones Province. Its preferred habitat is humid forest, though it can also be found in more open, drier woodlands, particularly those dominated by Araucaria trees, and in partially cleared landscapes. The pileated parrot inhabits elevations ranging from sea level up to 1,500 meters (4,900 feet).

Behavior and Ecology

Observations suggest that the pileated parrot engages in some migratory movements between inland and coastal areas, and it has been described as "strikingly nomadic" in certain regions of Brazil. While detailed information about its diet is limited, it is known to consume fruits and seeds from various plant families, as well as Eucalyptus bark. The breeding season is not fully defined but appears to include November. They nest in tree cavities. In the wild, clutches typically consist of two eggs. Captive breeding records indicate clutches of three to four eggs, with incubation by the female alone lasting approximately 24 days and fledging occurring 52 to 54 days after hatching. Vocalizations are characterized by high, piercing shrieks, such as 'tjeéreweét,' and their flight call is a high 'tjer-tjer'tjer- -.'

Conservation Status

The pileated parrot is currently assessed by the IUCN as Least Concern. Despite possessing a relatively large range, its population size remains unknown and is believed to be decreasing. Although no immediate threats have been specifically identified, extensive habitat loss throughout its range is noted as a significant factor affecting its numbers, though the species continues to persist where suitable cover remains.