Black-bodied woodpecker

The black-bodied woodpecker (Dryocopus schulzii), also known as Schulz's woodpecker, is a species of bird recognized for its predominantly black plumage and distinctive crest. This Near Threatened species is found across portions of Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay, primarily inhabiting the woodland and savanna ecosystems of the dry Gran Chaco region and its transitional zones with moister forests.

Physical Characteristics

Adult black-bodied woodpeckers typically measure between 29 to 30 centimeters in length. Both sexes possess a prominent, long, pointed crest. Adult males are distinguished by a red forehead and crest, while adult females have a blackish lower forehead and a black malar stripe. Other key features include gray ear coverts, a thin white stripe behind the eye, and a white stripe extending from the lores down the side of the neck. The throat and hindneck are black, and the underparts are mostly black, sometimes with faint yellowish barring on the flanks and lower belly. Their bills are a pale ivory-white chisel shape, and their irises are deep brown to red-brown, with dark gray legs.

Distribution and Habitat

The species' range extends from the southern departments of Santa Cruz and Tarija in Bolivia, south through western and central Paraguay, and into north-central Argentina, reaching as far as Córdoba and San Luis provinces. It favors the dry woodland and savanna environments of the Gran Chaco, as well as the transition zones leading to more humid montane forests. They can be found at elevations up to 1,000 meters.

Behavior and Reproduction

The black-bodied woodpecker is a resident species, remaining in its range year-round. They typically forage alone or in pairs, occasionally in small family groups. Their foraging behavior involves pecking, hammering, and probing into tree trunks and large limbs in search of food. The breeding season generally occurs from October to December, with potential extensions into March. They excavate their nests in dead trees or utility poles. Details regarding their clutch size, incubation period, and parental care are not well-documented.

Vocalizations

The characteristic vocalizations of the black-bodied woodpecker include a frequent, loud call described as "wic wic wic wic wic." They also produce a harsh rattle, "ti-chrr," and a repeated descending "kirrrrrr" when disturbed near their nest. Their drumming pattern consists of a long roll.

Conservation Status

The black-bodied woodpecker is currently assessed as Near Threatened by the IUCN. Its conservation status is attributed to its somewhat limited geographic range and an estimated decreasing population. The primary threats to the species include habitat loss due to the expansion of agriculture and cattle ranching, the establishment of plantations of non-native trees, and the selective logging of valuable trees like quebracho and algarrobo for charcoal production. The species appears to have two main population centers in Argentina and Paraguay, being scarce elsewhere.