Mocho-Choshuenco

Mocho-Choshuenco is a significant glacier-covered stratovolcano located in the Andes of Chile's Los Ríos Region. This complex geological formation is characterized by its twin volcanic peaks: Choshuenco to the northwest and Mocho to the southeast. The upper reaches of Mocho-Choshuenco are protected within the Mocho-Choshuenco National Reserve, and its eastern slopes extend into the Huilo-Huilo Natural Reserve, highlighting its ecological and geological importance.

Glaciological Significance

The volcano is crowned by an extensive ice cap that envelops the Mocho volcanic cone and parts of Choshuenco's flanks. This ice cap has been a subject of scientific observation, particularly regarding its response to climate change. Between 1976 and 2003, the ice cap's total area diminished by a substantial 40% from its 1976 size of 28.4 km². The Choshuenco Glacier, located in the northwest, experienced the most significant retreat in terms of area, while Mocho Glacier, extending southeastward from Mocho's cone, remains the largest glacier on the volcano at approximately 5.1 km².

Volcanic Activity and Hydrology

Mocho, an andesitic-dacitic volcano, has a recorded eruption history dating back to at least 1759. While older eruptions are mentioned, their certainty is debated due to historical naming conventions and map inaccuracies. The region's hydrology is intricately linked to the volcano; its northern foothills are bordered by a network of rivers and lakes, including the Fui, Enco, and Llanquihue Rivers, and Pirihueico, Panguipulli, and Riñihue Lakes. The Fui River's substantial underground infiltration contributes to a large aquifer beneath Mocho-Choshuenco. The southern and eastern slopes drain into the Pillanleufú River, which flows south along the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault.