Flame-winged parakeet

The flame-winged parakeet, scientifically known as Pyrrhura calliptera and also commonly referred to as the brown-breasted parakeet, is a species of parrot native to the eastern Andean slopes of Colombia. This medium-sized parakeet is characterized by its distinctive plumage, which includes bright yellow primary coverts, bluish primaries, and striking yellow and orange-red wing markings visible during flight, giving rise to its common name. Its habitat preference lies within upper subtropical and temperate zone montane forests, forest edges, cloud forests, elfin forests, subpáramo, and peatbog páramo, typically at altitudes between 1,700 and 3,400 meters.

Behaviour and Ecology

Flame-winged parakeets exhibit a fascinating cooperative breeding strategy, where groups of 4 to 9 adult birds and juveniles collaborate in raising each clutch of chicks. These birds utilize tree cavities for both overnight roosting and nesting. Mating and nesting site selection occur during September, with eggs typically laid in October. The incubation period is primarily during October and November, and the maturation process from egg to fledged juvenile takes approximately 60 to 70 days, concluding by January each year.

Their diet consists of fresh and dried fruits, seeds, and flower parts from a variety of native plants. They are also observed feeding on grass leaves and seeds in open areas. This diet sometimes brings them into conflict with local farmers, as they have been known to feed on cultivated maize crops.

Distribution and Conservation

The species is endemic to Colombia, with its range now fragmented on the eastern slope of the Eastern Andes. It is found in departments such as Boyacá, Cundinamarca, and Casanare. Historically, its range was more extensive, but it has been extirpated from its former territories on the western slope of the Eastern Andes.

The flame-winged parakeet is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List due to significant threats from habitat loss and fragmentation, largely attributed to the encroachment of roads and agriculture. The species has lost a substantial portion of its historical habitat, and its population is declining rapidly. Conservation efforts are underway, involving various organizations and initiatives such as ecological restoration activities and the installation of artificial nest cavities to mitigate the impact of habitat loss.