Hispaniolan parakeet

The Hispaniolan parakeet, scientifically known as Psittacara chloropterus, is a vibrant parrot species endemic to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, which is shared by the Dominican Republic and Haiti. In the Dominican Republic, it is commonly referred to as "perico," while in Haiti, it is known as "perruche."

Physical Description

Adult Hispaniolan parakeets typically measure between 30 to 33 cm (12 to 13 inches) in length and weigh between 144 to 147 grams. The sexes are outwardly indistinguishable. Their plumage is predominantly green, with the underparts often exhibiting a more yellowish hue. Some individuals may display small red flecks on their heads. A notable characteristic is the presence of red coloration on the bend and edge of their wings, as well as on their outermost underwing coverts. The undersides of their flight feathers and tail are a dull yellowish color. Their eyes are encircled by a ring of bare white skin, which is a defining feature. Immature birds tend to have minimal or no red coloration on their wings.

Distribution and Habitat

Historically, the Hispaniolan parakeet was found across a significant portion of Hispaniola. As of recent observations, its presence in the Dominican Republic is largely concentrated in the Cordillera Central and Sierra de Bahoruco mountain ranges, along with some urban areas. In Haiti, the species is considered very rare, with documented sightings in the Chaîne de la Selle and Massif de la Hotte mountain ranges in the early 2000s, and scattered records elsewhere. The species has also been introduced to Puerto Rico and Guadeloupe, though its establishment and population numbers in these non-native locations are not well-recorded.

The Hispaniolan parakeet demonstrates adaptability, inhabiting a wide array of environments. These include lowland and montane forests, savannas, open woodlands, secondary forests, agricultural lands, and urban centers such as Santo Domingo. They appear to be most prevalent in humid montane forests. Their altitudinal range extends from sea level to as high as 3,000 meters (9,800 feet).

Behavior and Diet

This parakeet species is not migratory. Its diet primarily consists of fig (Ficus) fruits. Reports also indicate consumption of a variety of other fruits, seeds, and flowers from numerous plant and tree species. The Hispaniolan parakeet has also been noted as a significant pest to maize (Zea mays) crops.

Breeding

Nesting sites for the Hispaniolan parakeet are typically found in tree cavities or within arboreal termitaria (termite nests). Unfortunately, very little is known about the specific breeding biology of this species in its wild environment. However, observations in captivity provide some insights: they lay clutches of three to four eggs, with an incubation period lasting between 20 to 23 days. The young typically fledge, or take their first flight, approximately eight weeks after hatching.

Vocalization

The call of the Hispaniolan parakeet is described as a "kree" sound, characterized by a grating and noisy quality. These vocalizations are made both while the birds are in flight and when they are perched.

Conservation Status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) initially assessed the Hispaniolan parakeet as Near Threatened. However, since 1994, its status has been elevated to Vulnerable. The species faces significant threats due to its small and fragmented range, coupled with an estimated population of only 1500 to 7000 mature individuals, which is believed to be in decline. The primary factors contributing to this decline are continuing habitat loss and persecution as a crop pest. Furthermore, illegal trapping for both the domestic and international cage bird trade has also played a role in its diminishing numbers.