Long-tufted screech owl

The long-tufted screech owl, scientifically known as Megascops sanctaecatarinae, is a species of typical owl found in the southeastern regions of South America. It inhabits Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, preferring a variety of open and semi-open landscapes such as sparse woodlands, pastures with scattered trees, and the edges of denser forests.

Taxonomy and History

This owl has a complex taxonomic history. Initially described by Osbert Salvin in 1897 as Scops sanctae-catarinae, it was later placed in the genus Otus and subsequently in the current genus Megascops, which now encompasses 23 species of screech owls. For a time, it was considered a subspecies or synonym of the black-capped screech owl (Megascops atricapilla), and other authors grouped it with the Yungas screech owl (M. hoyi) and the Middle American screech owl (M. guatemalae). However, morphological, vocal, and genetic studies have confirmed its status as a distinct species, not closely related to these others. Further taxonomic complications exist regarding populations in southern Brazil and Argentina, with the possibility that the specific epithet argentinus might be the correct designation due to the principle of priority.

Physical Characteristics

A relatively large and bulky screech owl, the long-tufted screech owl measures between 25 and 28 cm in length. Males typically weigh between 155 and 194 grams, while females are slightly heavier, ranging from 174 to 211 grams. A key distinguishing feature is its very prominent ear tufts. The species exhibits three color morphs: brown, gray, and rufous, with the brown morph being the most prevalent. In the common brown morph, adults display dark brown upperparts with fine, indistinct pale markings and a somewhat lighter crown. The facial disc is brown, bordered by a darker rim, and the underparts are marked with irregular bars, streaks, and vermiculation in brown tones. Its eyes are pale yellow to orange-yellow, its bill is greenish gray, and its feet are a pale grayish brown.

Behavior and Ecology

The long-tufted screech owl is considered a year-round resident throughout its range. It is primarily nocturnal, hunting by dropping from a perch onto its prey. Its diet consists of arthropods and small vertebrates, including rodents, birds, amphibians, and fish.

Breeding and Vocalization

The breeding season appears to include August and September, though it is not well-defined. Nests are typically found in tree cavities, either natural or those created by woodpeckers. Known nests have yielded one or two young, and it is believed that only the female incubates the eggs. Little else is documented about the species' breeding phenology.

Vocalizations are distinctive. The male's primary song is a guttural, fast trill lasting five to ten seconds. The female's song is similar but shorter and higher pitched. Males also produce a secondary song with short, fast notes that lengthen and become more spaced. Females have a very different call, a loud, hoarse, extraordinary 'bababa...' sound, unique among screech owls.

Conservation Status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed the long-tufted screech owl as Least Concern. While it possesses a relatively large range, its population size is unknown and is thought to be declining. The primary threat to the species is habitat loss, resulting from overgrazing, burning, and tree-felling.