Ouvea parakeet

The Ouvea parakeet, scientifically known as Eunymphicus uvaeensis and also referred to as the Uvea parakeet, is a species of parrot endemic to the island of Uvea in New Caledonia, including Faiava Island within the Loyalty Islands. This species is part of the Eunymphicus genus within the Psittaculidae family. It was formerly considered the same species as the horned parakeet of Grande Terre, but has since been classified as distinct.

Description and Habitat

This medium-sized parakeet is characterized by its predominantly green plumage, accented by a striking green crest. This crest is formed from six backward feathers that curl forward. The underside of the Ouvea parakeet is typically yellower, with vibrant blue coloration present on its wings and tail. Its face is dark, and its beak is black, distinguishing it from the horned parakeet which has yellow on its face. The Ouvea parakeet shows a preference for natural forests and laurel forest habitats, generally avoiding coconut plantations and coastal vegetation.

Diet and Behavior

The Ouvea parakeet is most active during the early morning and late afternoon, avoiding strenuous activity during the heat of the day. Its diet is varied, with figs from the genus Ficus playing a particularly significant role. While attempts have been made to reintroduce the species to other islands like Lifou, these efforts have faced challenges, with birds reportedly returning to Uvea. Future reintroductions are considered dependent on controlling invasive species like the ship rat.

Reproduction and Conservation

The breeding season for the Ouvea parakeet occurs between August and January. Nests are established in natural cavities within native trees, with Syzygium and Mimusops species being the preferred nesting sites, accounting for approximately 90% of cases. Females typically lay two to three eggs, which are incubated for about 21 days. The nestling period lasts around 43 days, and on average, about 1.5 chicks fledge per nesting attempt. Survival rates post-fledging are lower, with predation by the brown goshawk, starvation, and collection for the pet trade being significant causes of mortality.

The Ouvea parakeet is listed in Appendix I of CITES and is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. Threats include habitat loss, with an estimated 30-50% of its habitat disappearing over the last thirty years, and the pet trade. Collection methods for the pet trade can damage nesting sites, further limiting breeding success. Despite these challenges, community involvement in conservation initiatives has led to a notable increase in the Ouvea parakeet population, rising from an estimated 617 individuals in 1993 to 2,090 in 2009.